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| coa_pic = Coat of arms of Iran.svg | session_room = | house_type = Election management body | leader1_type = Chairman | leader1 = Ahmad Jannati | party1 = | election1 = August 29, 1988 | members = 12 | political_groups1 = | meeting_place = Tehran, Iran | website = () }} The Guardian Council of the Constitution ((ペルシア語:شورای نگهبان قانون اساسی), ''Shora-ye Negahban-e Qanun-e Assassi'') is an appointed and constitutionally-mandated 12-member council that wields considerable power and influence in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The Iranian constitution calls for the council to be composed of six Islamic faqihs (expert in Islamic Law), "conscious of the present needs and the issues of the day" to be selected by the Supreme Leader of Iran, and six jurists, "specializing in different areas of law, to be elected by the Majlis (the Iranian Parliament) from among the Muslim jurists nominated by the Head of the Judicial Power,"〔(Powers and Authority of The Islamic Consultative Assembly )〕 (who, in turn, is also appointed by the supreme leader).〔(Article No.91 )〕 It is charged with interpreting the Constitution of Iran,〔Article 98 of the constitution〕 supervising elections of, and approving of candidates to, the Assembly of Experts, the President and the Majlis,〔Article 99 of the constitution〕 and "ensuring ... the compatibility of the legislation passed by the Islamic Consultative Assembly (Majlis ) ... with the criteria of Islam and the Constitution".〔Articles 96 and 94 of the constitution.〕 The Council has played a central role in allowing only one interpretation of Islamic values to inform Iranian law, as it consistently disqualifies reform-minded candidates—including the most well-known candidates—from running for office, and vetoes laws passed by the popularly elected Majlis.〔(Whose Iran? ), Laura Secor, ''New York Times'', January 28, 2007. Retrieved September 22, 2008.〕〔(Iran: Voices Struggling To Be Heard ), U.S. Department of State Fact Sheet, April 9, 2004. Retrieved September 22, 2008.〕 When the 2009 Presidential election was announced, the popular former president, Mohammad Khatami, would not discuss his plans to run against Mahmoud Ahmadinejad as the Council may disqualify the Muslim cleric as it has other reformist candidates on the grounds that they were not dedicated enough to Islamic values.〔(Khatami reluctant to discuss candidacy ), Maryam Sinaiee, ''The National'', September 21, 2008.〕〔(Split hard-liners hold Iran parliament ), AP via USA Today, March 16, 2008.〕 It has also increased the influence the Islamic Revolutionary Guard (an ideological fighting force separate from the Iranian army) has on the economic and cultural life of the country.〔 ==Legislative functions== The Majlis has no legal status without the Guardian Council.〔(Article 93 )〕 Any bill passed by the Majlis must be reviewed and approved by the Guardian Council〔(Article 94 )〕〔(IRANIAN LEGISLATURE APPROVES FUNDS FOR GASOLINE IMPORTS ) provides an example the need for approval of the Guardian Council.〕 to become law. According to Article 96 of the constitution, the Guardian Council holds veto power over all legislation approved by the Majlis. It can nullify a law based on two accounts: being against Islamic laws,〔(Article 4 )〕 or being against the constitution. While all the members vote on the laws being compatible with the constitution, only the six clerics vote on them being compatible with Islam. If any law is rejected, it will be passed back to the Majlis for correction. If the Majlis and the Council of Guardians cannot decide on a case, it is passed up to the Expediency Council for a decision.〔(Article 112 )〕 The Guardian Council is uniquely involved in the legislative process, with equal oversight with regards to economic law and social policy, including such controversial topics as abortion. Chapter 6 of the Constitution explains its interworkings with the Islamic Consultative Assembly. Articles 91-97 all fall in the legislative Chapter 6. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Guardian Council」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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